History and Culture of Split: A Journey Through Time

Discover Split's History and Culture

305 AD

The Founding of Split

Roman Emperor Diocletian retires and builds a magnificent palace by the Adriatic Sea. This structure was both a personal residence and a military fortress, laying the foundation for what would later become Split.

476 AD

Fall of the Western Roman Empire

With the collapse of the Roman Empire, the palace remains intact, gradually transitioning from an imperial residence to a shelter for local inhabitants during turbulent times.

7th Century

Refuge for the People of Salona

Invading Avars and Slavs destroy Salona, the ancient capital of Dalmatia. Its surviving residents find refuge within the walls of Diocletian’s Palace, creating the beginnings of a bustling urban settlement.

10th–11th Century

Early Medieval Growth

Under Byzantine rule, Split becomes an important administrative and trade center. Christian influences lead to the transformation of Diocletian's mausoleum into the Cathedral of St. Domnius, one of the oldest active cathedrals in the world.

12th–14th Century

Venetian and Hungarian Rule

The city flourishes under alternating Venetian and Hungarian dominance. Split’s strategic coastal position makes it a key player in Mediterranean trade.

15th–18th Century

The Venetian Golden Age

Split becomes part of the Republic of Venice. The Venetian era brings defensive walls, city gates, and iconic Renaissance and Baroque architecture. The city’s layout transforms with expanded piazzas and intricate stone streets.

18th-19th Century

Napoleonic and Austrian Periods

After Venice falls to Napoleon, Split comes under French and then Austrian control. Modern city planning begins, including the development of public squares and infrastructure.

World War II

Turbulent Times

Split endures occupation by both Axis forces and resistance movements. Despite hardships, the city retains its cultural identity and historical significance.

1979

UNESCO World Heritage Recognition

Diocletian’s Palace and the historic core of Split are inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, cementing its global importance as a cultural and historical treasure.

Modern Day

A Vibrant Fusion of Past and Present

Split evolves into a thriving urban hub where history meets modernity. Its preserved Roman and Venetian architecture, combined with lively waterfront promenades, make it a top destination for travelers worldwide.

Discover Split's Historic Treasures

Explore the best of Split’s history through its attractions!

Diocletian’s Palace

The heart of Split and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, built by Emperor Diocletian in 305 AD.

St. Domnius Cathedral

A converted Roman mausoleum that stands as the oldest cathedral in the world.

Peristyle

A majestic open-air courtyard that once hosted Roman emperors.

Golden Gate

The grand entrance to Diocletian’s Palace, steeped in history and legend.

Vestibule

A unique Roman architectural marvel with breathtaking acoustics.

Riva Promenade

A beautiful waterfront promenade blending modern cafes with Split’s historic charm.

Discover Split's Culture

Klapa Singing - The Melody of Dalmatia

Region Dalmatia is the birthplace of Klapa singing, a traditional form of a cappella singing recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage.

Klapa is a group of five to eight singers. A song is started by the highest voice (tenor) followed by others.

Originating as a way to celebrate love and camaraderie, Klapa performances are often spontaneous, found in hidden alleys or during festivals.

Dalmatian Cuisine – A Feast of Flavors

From freshly caught seafood to world-renowned olive oils and wines, Split’s cuisine reflects its coastal and Mediterranean heritage. Don’t miss peka (meat or seafood slow-cooked under a bell-shaped lid) or soparnik, a savory chard pie.

Discover most popular traditional dishes here. LINK

Traditional Lifestyle – Slow Living by the Sea

Split’s charm isn’t just in its history or scenery—it’s in its lifestyle. Locals embrace “fjaka”, the Dalmatian art of slowing down and savoring life’s simple moments. Whether it’s sipping coffee on the Riva promenade with the gentle Adriatic breeze or strolling along Marjan Hill’s serene trails, every moment is a reminder to pause and enjoy.

The evenings bring a relaxed buzz to the Piazza, where you can sit back, enjoy live music, and watch the world go by.

Modern Cultural Scene – Bridging Old and New

Beyond its traditional roots, Split hosts contemporary art galleries, music concerts, and exhibitions. Places like the Meštrović Gallery and the Croatian National Theatre are cultural hubs for art enthusiasts.